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By William D. Bloomington: n. Archived PDF from the original on Retrieved In Goudie, A. In the east, the plain stretches out broader east-west but not as far south as the southern half of the Cologne Bight.

It is known that the North German Plain was formed during the Pleistocene era as a result of the various glacial advances of terrestrial Scandinavian ice sheets as well as by periglacial geomorphologic processes.

The surface relief varies from level to undulating. The lowest points are low moorlands and old marshland on the edge of the ridge of dry land in the west of Schleswig-Holstein the Wilster Marsh is 3.

The highest points may be referred to as Vistula and Hall glaciation terminal moraines depending on the ice age which formed them — e.

Following the ice ages, rain-fed, raised bogs originated in western and northern Lower Saxony during warm periods of high precipitation such as the Atlantic warm period.

These bogs were formerly widespread but much of this terrain has now been drained or otherwise superseded. The coastal areas consist of Holocene lake and river marshes and lagoons connected to Pleistocene Old and Young Drift terrain in various stages of formation and weathering.

After or during the retreat of the glaciers, wind-borne sand often formed dunes, which were later fixed by vegetation.

Human intervention caused the emergence of open heath such as the Lüneburg Heath , and measures such as deforestation and the so-called Plaggenhieb removal of the topsoil for use as fertiliser elsewhere caused a wide impoverishment of the soil Podsol.

The most fertile soils are the young marshes Auen-Vegen and the Börde areas Hildesheim Börde, Magdeburg Börde, with their fertile, loess soils.

High level bog peat can be found in the poorest soils, e. In the loess areas of the lowland are found the oldest settlement locations in Germany Linear Pottery culture.

The north eastern part of the plain Young Drift is geomorphologically distinct and contains a multitude of lakes e.

The retreating glaciers left this landscape behind around 16, to 13, years ago. In comparison, the dry plains of northwestern Germany Lower Saxony, western Schleswig-Holstein and the Bochum area of North Rhine Westphalia are more heavily weathered and levelled Old Drift as the last large scale glaciations here occurred at least , years ago.

The region is drained by rivers that flow northwards into the North Sea or the Baltic. The North Sea coast and the adjacent coastal areas of the facing East and North Frisian Islands are characterised by a maritime climate.

South of the coast, a broad band of maritime and sub-maritime climate stretches from the east coast of Schleswig-Holstein to the western edges of the Central Uplands.

To the south east and east, the climate becomes increasingly subcontinental: characterised by temperature differences between summer and winter which progressively increase away from the tempering effect of the ocean.

Locally, a drier continental climate can be found in the rain shadow of the Harz and some smaller areas of upland like the Drawehn and the Fläming.

Special microclimates occur in bogs and heathlands and, for example, in the Altes Land near Hamburg , which is characterised by relatively mild temperatures year round due to the proximity of the North Sea and lower Elbe river, providing excellent conditions for fruit production.

Azonal vegetation complexes of moors, riparian forests, fens and water bodies originally stretched along the rivers Ems , Weser , Elbe , Havel and Spree.

Statt des Plain Deutsch Bonus kГnnt ihr euch aber auch maximal. - "plain" auf Deutsch